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We investigate the possible realization of an ultracold-atom rotation sensor that is based on recently proposed tractor atom interferometry (TAI). An experimental design that includes the generation of a Laguerre–Gaussian-beam-based “pinwheel” optical lattice and multi-loop interferometric cycles is discussed. Numerical simulations of the proposed system demonstrate TAI rotation sensitivity comparable to that of contemporary matter-wave interferometers. We analyze a regime of TAI rotation sensors in which nonadiabatic effects may hinder the system's performance. We apply quantum optimal control to devise a methodology suitable to address this nonadiabaticity. Our studies are of interest for current efforts to realize compact and robust matter-wave rotation sensors, as well as for fundamental physics applications of TAI. 

Abstract We present principles and possible design concepts for a tractor atom interferometer (TAI) based on three-dimensional confinement and transport of ultracold atoms. The confinement reduces device size and wave-packet dispersion, enables arbitrary holding times, and facilitates control to create complex trajectories that allow for optimization to enable fast splitting and recombination, to suppress detrimental nonadiabatic excitation, and to cancel unwanted sensitivity. Thus, the design allows for further advancement of compact, high-sensitivity, quantum sensing technology. In particular, we focus on the implementation of quantum-enhanced accelerometers and gyroscopes. We discuss TAI protocols for both spin-dependent and scalar trapping potentials. Using optimal control theory, we demonstrate the splitting of the wave function on a time scale two orders of magnitude shorter than a previous proposal using adiabatic dynamics, thus maximizing the time spent at full separation, where the interferometric phase is accumulated. The performance estimates for TAI give a promising perspective for atom-interferometry-based sensing, significantly exceeding the sensitivities of current state-of-the-art devices. 

We demonstrate the operation of a rotation sensor based on the nitrogen-14 ( 14 N) nuclear spins intrinsic to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond. The sensor uses optical polarization and readout of the nuclei and a radio-frequency double-quantum pulse protocol that monitors 14 N nuclear spin precession. This measurement protocol suppresses the sensitivity to temperature variations in the 14 N quadrupole splitting, and it does not require microwave pulses resonant with the NV electron spin transitions. The device was tested on a rotation platform and demonstrated a sensitivity of 4.7°/ s (13 mHz/ Hz ), with a bias stability of 0.4 °/s (1.1 mHz).